IFR Refresher Notes

This weekend, I got a chance to practice some approaches. It had been a while, so it is a time for me to review general IFR procedures, mnemonics, acronyms, and jot down notes. This seems like a good thing to write down somewhere so I can refer to in the future and maybe it would be useful for others too. This is not all inclusive, but these are some things I think of for review during an IFR flight.

IFR Preflight Extras:

• Is VOR check current
• Is Pitot/Static check current
• Am I IFR current if flying through clouds
• Is GPS database current?
• Are charts and approach plate current
• Is annual/100 hour/transponder check current
• Do full weather briefing checking including IFR chart/approach notams
  

IFR Taxi Checks:

• Check airspeed 0 knots on ground
• Level wings on attitude indicator
• Check Altimeter within 75'
• Check ball centered on turn coordinator
• Check check turn coordinator left and right
• Check DG left and right and no precession during taxi.
• Check 0 point on Vertical speed indicator

I usually refer to a panel picture to think through different things to do while on the ground.
Here is my previous blog post that I refer to about my panel.

CRAFT (Clearance note taking procedure before takeoff)

• Cleared to ???
• Route is ???
• Altitude (cleared to altitude and expected altitude in X minutes)
• Frequency for approach
• Transponder code

Scan
Watch the scan. This is harder from right seat for me which is what I was doing this weekend. Bounce back and forth to the Attitude indicator. Hit all instruments in the 6 pack. Emphasize the appropriate primary instrument depending on type of flight (turn, climb, decent, cruise)

Aligning DG
If you get a new heading from ATC, double check the compass vs the DG. It precesses and this is a good time to double check. Remember to only match up the DG and compass while straight and level. Don't do it during the climb, descent, or turns.

Power Settings
Know your cruise, climb, approach, descent settings for MP, flaps, attitude, and RPMs.
For me: 20" cruise, 17" approach, 12" ILS descent flaps 10 degrees, 10" non-precision descent flaps 10 degrees. 500fpm descent for an ILS.

Turn, Time, Twist, Throttle, Talk for Holds
For real hold, you need an Expect Further Clearance time.

WRIMTIM
My IFR instructor liked this since I was using NOS plates instead of Jeppesen plates.

• Weather
  Get ATIS/AWOS.
  Leave approach frequency if you need.
  This is ok and can make things much easier.
  Ask before leaving frequency and report back on frequency.
  How does it compare with minimums
  Which runway is best.
  Which approach is best for wind and ceilings.
• Radios
  Tune tower into spare comm channel
  Tune VOR/ILS in
  If using a GPS, make sure the GPS/VOR switch is correct
  Identify through the morse code the VOR/ILS
• Instruments
  Verify Compass vs Directional Gyro
  Check each part of 6 pack that it looks correct
  Did you check the Kollsman window of the Altimeter
  Line up the miniature wings in the attitude indicator
  Check OBS on VOR
  Check that there are no flags on the CDI indicator
  Check the engine instruments, vacuum gauge.
  Pitot heat on if necessary
• Minimums, Missed Approach
  Determine Decision Height or Decision Altitude
  Determine missed approach. Put frequencies related to missed approach in extra VOR if possible
• Time
  Mark the time at the final approach fix for a timed missed approach.
  Check your speed to make sure it is appropriate for a timed missed approach
• Inbound Course
  Verify what the inbound course is.
  Put this in the OBS even if you are on an ILS.
• Marker Beacon
  Make sure the marker beacon is on if you are on an ILS.

LCGUMPS

Before landing

• Landing Light on
• Carb heat, Cowl Flaps
• Gas tank indicators ok, Gas selector on both or fullest tank, fuel pump
• Undercarriage
  Lower and keep hand on lever until 3 green.
• Mixture richen if leaned earlier for cruise
• Propeller forward to high RPMs (after reducing power)
  Also check flaps are where you want.
• Safety (check for other planes in pattern), Seat belts

It is good to do LCGUMPS at each change of flight. How each item is adjusted of course is different depending on the mode of flight:

• Entering cruise mode
• Before the approach
• Before landing
• For landing gear, check on each part of a pattern.

Cram it/Clean it/Cool it/Call it
This is a good thing to remember for the missed approach.

Other General

If you have an Autopilot, practice approaches both with and without the autopilot.

Practice partial panel approaches are always important to practice at times.

Compass Turns without DG:
UNOS: undershoot North, overshoot South.
Timed Turn: 3 degrees/sec or ~10 degrees/3sec.
Some good descriptions of compass turns on Wikipedia here.

Minimize head movement where possible. Hold maps/approach plates up instead of looking at your lap if possible.

I found another good set of reference notes of things to think about for IFR flight. It is from Just Helicopters.net, but most apply to fixed wing as well. It is also available here.

In searching some things on the internet, I also found this good list of Pilot Acronyms.

Summary

Hopefully this will be useful to others. I think I will glance it over before IFR practices.

Does anybody else have some good thoughts to keep in mind when refreshing your memory on IFR procedures? Please pass them on...

/Brian